As you get older your chances of developing dementia increase. The average age of symptom occurrence and diagnosis is 65. About 10% of cases are early onset Alzheimer's starting in 30's and 40's. Age and inheritance are two of the strongest known risk factors. Cardiovascular risk is also associated with increased risk as are diabetes, tobacco use, and many other factors.
Of the 40 million plus people in the United States over 65 years of age (about 560 million worldwide), about 5.2 million have some type of dementia. In the United States this is expected to double or more by 2050. Alzheimer’s disease is the most common form of dementia. Other types include vascular, Lewy body, Huntington’s disease, dementia secondary to disease (e.g. Parkinson’s disease, HIV, multiple sclerosis) or trauma (usually repeatedly like sports head injury in football, boxing), nutritional deficiencies, medication induced, inherited forms, and many more.
Signs and symptoms of dementia include memory problems, decreased cognitive ability, and decreased physical activity whereby activities of daily living (bathing, dressing, eating, household chores, etc.) may require assistance. Personality changes like agitation, inattentiveness and irritability are common. Dementia diagnosis begins with a thorough history (of patient and family) and physical examination including blood tests. Brain scans (MRI, CT, PET) are important in helping make the diagnosis. Neurologic evaluation by a certified neurologist is also indicated for suspected dementia. Treatment includes behavioral, occupational, and physical therapy as well as medication. In some cases, such as medication induced dementia from vitamin deficiency or low thyroid levels after proper medication is given. If a drug is the cause, it will resolve by stopping the medicine. Dementia drugs can lessen the symptoms of cognitive decline, in spite of the fact that disease will usually continue to progress. Regular exercise has been shown to improve overall function, also.
Prevention measures include:
- Physical movement and exercise
- Restful sleep
- Daily routine to include self-care, meals, etc. at same time
- Intellectual stimulation like reading, conversation, brain exercises, music
- Social activities especially with family, friends
- Avoidance of smoking, too much alcohol
- Good maintenance of high blood pressure, diabetes, high cholesterol and any other diseases you may have
- Prayer and meditation
- Nutritious food especially those good for brain health like vegetables and fruit, nuts, fish
Keep your brain and body as healthy as possible in an effort to prevent dementia. It may be decreasing, but as we live longer the likelihood increases. Best health!
